Series 381 started in 1973 as the first express pendulum train complying with the railroads with many curves under the nickname of “Shinano” on Chuosaisen line. In 1988, the limited express “Shinano” was made shorter and operated more often. When the end car became the 1st class (green car), the panoramic green car appeared with the wide front window which allowed a wide view. Since then, it was in service as the vehicle representing “Shinano” till 2008.